Aretas of Caesarea is an important figure who flourished in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. A student of M. Photius, he contributed to the revival of the spiritual life of the Byzantines by reproducing writings from Greek antiquity and the early Christian era. Following his teacher, he is interested in the philosophy of the ancient Greeks, believing that it will give impetus to the new beginning that takes place after the Iconoclastic controversy in the field of Theology in Byzantium. In this study, we will focus on his theological teaching.

He is not a Church Father. What we will highlight through his writings is the Patristic teaching that he uses and repeats. The essence is also that Aretas, as a student of M. Photius, himself faces disdain from the Western and then the Greek scientific world.

His teaching is Christocentric. For Aretas, Christ is the Son and Word of God, who coexists eternally with God the Father and the Holy Spirit. Speaking of the Holy Trinity, he starts again from the Word of God and examines its relationship with God the Father and the Holy Spirit. The connection between the purpose of the Incarnation of the Word of God and the salvation of mankind is immediate.