Health economics is a branch of economics that has received significant development relatively recently. It borrows or, rather, uses the tools of microeconomic theory and public economics to analyze issues related to health. The increasing interest in health economics can be explained by the complexity and importance of the functioning of the health sector, both for individuals and for society as a whole. The right to equal access to health services, as well as the quality of the provided health services, concern individuals as well as health policy makers. At the same time, health expenditures absorb an increasingly larger share of national income and constitute the second highest expenditures (public and private) after pension expenditures. The financing of these expenses is a matter of great concern for health policy makers and is also related to the constantly expanding deficits in the health sector. Population aging, the rise in living standards, environmental pollution, and the specific consumption model all contribute to the increasing health expenditures. The usefulness of this book lies in the fact that it attempts to explain in a simple and understandable way how the health system works, how it is influenced by and influences our economic system, what the philosophy of the health system and health policy is, and finally, how the prices of health services are determined.