The Intel Core i9 12900KS processor is based on the Alder Lake (12th Gen) microarchitecture (2022). It features 16 cores with 24 threads. More cores provide increased power for programs that take advantage of a larger number of cores. Threads allow the processor to execute multiple applications simultaneously, completing tasks faster. Its maximum frequency reaches 5.5 Ghz.
The integrated Cache memory is 30 MB. Cache memory is a crucial feature as a larger cache requires less time for the processor to retrieve data from the computer's main memory, significantly improving performance.
It uses Socket 1700 and will need to be hosted on a motherboard with a corresponding socket. Finally, a cooler is not included. You will need to purchase a separate cooler for the processor, which is necessary.
The Core i9 12900KS is usually chosen by users for demanding gaming, heavy applications that fully utilize the processor's multi-thread capability, CAD, image, video, and audio processing. It also has an integrated graphics circuit that can be used for light gaming if your system does not have a more powerful dedicated graphics card.

Processors based on the "Alder Lake (12th Gen)" microarchitecture are designed to maximize performance in single-thread applications, such as gaming and 3D design. They also offer multithread performance for applications that fully utilize parallel processing (such as image rendering).