Four years after the outbreak of the Greek Revolution, Greece existed as an independent political entity. It had institutions, a government, a political body, laws, and regulations. It also had a first form of international recognition and presence, mainly through the foreign loans it negotiated.

It was certainly not a stable and well-governed state.
The conflicts over political power divided the various components of the powerful social groups that pre-existed or were created in the new situation. The civil wars dynamically reflected these violent competitions.
At the same time, the former oppressor was preparing his own counterattack. In Constantinople, all the capabilities of the Ottoman power were being mobilized, which gave the impression of emerging with difficulty from a chronic lethargy. Two great military leaders, Kioutachis and Ibrahim, would target the still unstable Greek freedom.
The critical confrontation was depicted in the two titanic clashes, the sieges of Messolonghi and Athens. On the battlefield, the Greeks experienced disasters in both cases. However, as often happens in history, the triumph of the enemies of the Revolution revealed their weakness: they could win, but they could not subjugate. On these two disasters and the blood that was shed, Greek Independence was firmly founded.