The birth of modern science during the scientific revolution, from the 16th to the 18th century, marked the death of Aristotle's physics and cosmology from Stagira (384-322 BC). Aristotelian ideas had dominated human thought for centuries, and familiarity with them is a prerequisite for understanding the principles of modern science. This anthology of translated and annotated passages from Aristotle's physical and cosmological treatises presents, in Aristotle's own words, the general conceptual framework of his physics and his views on the composition and structure of the universe, the nature of celestial bodies, the causes of their motions, and the relationship between the macrocosm and the microcosm. The extensive introduction provides a detailed description of Aristotelian physics and cosmology and traces their origins in the thought of the 6th and 5th centuries BC. The edition is aimed at historians of science, philosophy, and ideas, classical philologists, as well as any reader interested in ancient Greek philosophy and science and the principles of modern science.