This book is aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics and social sciences, history, and Greek culture, as well as any interested reader who wishes to delve into the study of the historical development of the economy of the region. The first chapter attempts to outline the economic revival of the Greek area within the broader rearrangements in the Ottoman Empire after 1750. The second chapter analyzes the efforts to rebuild the Greek economy and society in the period 1832-1871, while chapters 3 and 4 are dedicated to the historical development and structural weaknesses of the agricultural sector in the 19th century. The fifth chapter examines the era of the formation of Greek capitalism during the period 1871-1909, and the sixth chapter attempts to summarize key points of the discussion on the peculiarities of development in 19th century Greece. Chapters 7 and 8 refer to the developments in the Greek economy during the period of reconstruction, the Balkan Wars, and the Asia Minor catastrophe (1909-1922), and during the interwar period (1922-1940). The last chapter focuses on the period 1949-2001 and attempts, by examining the policies that were implemented, to connect the post-war period of rapid growth with the current problems of the Greek economy.