The April coup was the last successful military movement to overthrow democracy on European soil. The Greek people, as well as the international community, experienced it as a harmful and painful anachronism. This collective work attempts to shed interdisciplinary light on unexplored aspects of the traumatic experience of the coup and the seven-year dictatorship of the colonels, such as the ideological and institutional dimensions, the position of the Greek dictatorship in the broader international discussion on authoritarian regimes and human rights during that period, the relationship of the dictatorial regime with the international system, as well as the legacy of the dictatorship for post-dictatorship Greece and its long-term impact on Greek society and politics. In any case, the dictatorship marked Greece's post-war trajectory, and an in-depth and calm study of it is essential for our national self-awareness.