The volume "Earth and Space Sciences" is a work within the framework of the thematic Educational Greek Encyclopedia of Ekdotiki Athinon. The work aims to describe the genesis and evolution of the earth and space sciences, to reveal the complex connection that exists between them, as well as with physics, chemistry, mathematics, technology, and informatics, and to provide a description and interpretation of the basic phenomena that affect not only the earth but also the universe in general.[...]