This collective history of philosophy differs significantly from traditional ones. It does not subordinate philosophical tradition to the perspective of a single interpreter, nor does it see it as an autonomous and closed system of concepts and problems. On the contrary, the chapters of the work are written by various experts, ensuring the polyphony of opinions and the multiplicity of approaches and methods, providing corresponding stimuli to the reader. In addition, the directions of philosophical thought are correlated with the major social, cultural, and ideological currents of their time, while also being illuminated from the perspective of today, that is, as efforts to provide answers to fundamental problems for the human of the 20th century. In this way, in addition to the rich bibliographic references it finds, the reader is helped to open his personal dialogue with philosophy both as tradition and as a contemporary presence.