The author attempts to answer the question of whether the civil violence that erupted in mid-1943, almost throughout Greece, was a result of local peculiarities and the conditions of the Occupation or was the result of the third-internationalist character of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE). In other words, it essentially stemmed from the Leninist theory and practice with which the KKE was imbued. At the same time, the author tries to answer the question of whether the generalized Civil War of 1947-1949 was a product of the cold political choice of the leadership of the KKE or arose from the social conflicts of Greek society. If the civil conflict was mainly a reflection of the newly emerging power relations in the European and Balkan regions or ultimately owed to the "white terrorism" of 1945-1946.

By analyzing the economic, social, and political situation in Greece during the period 1943-1946 and the events in the Greek army in the Middle East in 1943 and 1944, the author constructs his own interpretive framework.

This book is the first volume of a two-volume work covering the period 1943-1950.