The rich and often intense discussion about the 1940s has highlighted a series of issues that were crucial to the dramatic social and political developments of that time. The civil conflict between EAM organizations and Security Battalions, the role of minorities, the distribution of foreign aid, the purging of the state mechanism by collaborators, population movements in rural areas, the mobilization of women, created new realities for Greek society, triggered political developments, or caused new conflicts. In this volume, young historians approach these issues by presenting new evidence, proposing new interpretations, and opening new fields of historical research that allow us to understand the ruptures that occurred in Greek society in the 1940s.