Hellenistic is the Greek and later Greco-Roman culture during the period that begins with the death of Alexander the Great (323 BC) and conventionally ends with the defeat of Mark Antony by Octavian in the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. During these three centuries, Platonism did not hold the central position in philosophy, but rather Stoicism, Skepticism, and Epicureanism, philosophical systems that all developed after Aristotle and determine the main directions of philosophy in the Hellenistic world.