Many students come to school with preconceived notions about scientific concepts that often differ from the scientific ones. These misconceptions, if not addressed educationally, can persist into adulthood. The teacher must identify the students' ideas, recognize the misconceptions, and then find ways to reconstruct them before teaching. The book describes the misconceptions recorded by educational research in primary school students for concepts in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Geology, concepts that are included in our country's "Environmental Studies," "Physics," and "Geography" lessons. It then describes the scientific perspective in a simple way and presents ideas and teaching strategies for the conceptual reconstruction of misconceptions. This book fills an important gap in the Teaching of Natural Sciences in Primary Education in our country and is a valuable guide for every active and future Primary Education teacher. It is useful for postgraduate students in Teaching Natural Sciences, as well as for anyone interested in improving teaching and learning in the Natural Sciences.