Seven years ago, a systematic search in the famous Bibliotheque de I' Academie Nationale de Medecine (Library of the National Academy of Medicine) in Paris, brought a pleasant surprise to researchers. Konstantinos Herodotou, head of the scientific team, discovered an unknown manuscript by Korais, written in Latin in 1790, titled "De Morborum Haereditariorum: Existentia, Natura, Prophylaxi et Cura" (On Hereditary Diseases: Existence, Nature, Prevention, Treatment). The text was written to be submitted to a competition of the Royal Medical Society of Paris, a dynamic and innovative institution, moving in the orbit of the Enlightenment Ideologues, with an ambitious medical reform program and political agenda.
Korais aims to connect medicine with Greek antiquity, politics, ethics, and passions. Thus, ultimately, he emerges as a thinker of biopolitics, in relation to the spirit of his time.

This edition at hand is the first in the world, while the French edition will soon follow.
This unpublished work to date adds an important piece to Korais' biography, reminding us of a neglected aspect: his medical education. The introduction and comments by Konstantinos Herodotou shed light on this dimension, significant not only for the intellectual trajectory of the great thinker, but also for the history of medicine, the Greek Enlightenment, and the history of ideas in general.