Strangely enough, one of the most important, if not the most important, issue regarding the overthrow of capitalism and the liberation of humanity is neglected by modern Marxists. This is the role of the modern working class as the social force that will lead in this emancipatory process. There are some who question this role, and even the existence of the working class itself, and others who consider its revolutionary potential unquestionable, despite the fact that, in practice and despite judgment, the working class and its self-identified trade union and political organizations do not act in a way that would overthrow capitalist barbarism. The classics of Marxism chose the working class or the proletariat, conceptually inseparable from it, as the Messiah of the world liberation of humanity, not arbitrarily, but based on certain characteristics. At the same time, although they underestimated its integration dynamics into the dominant system, which developed alongside capitalism, they considered it necessary to introduce certain mediations in order for its revolutionary potential to emerge in practice. The question that this study attempts to answer is to what extent the modern working class continues to be a potential revolutionary class and, if this is the case, what strategy should be followed in order for its transformation from a class in itself to a class for itself to occur in practice.