Christian democratic parties have dominated the political life of Western Europe for more than a century. In other words, while religious fundamentalism is widely considered the main enemy of the post-Cold War democratic world, nonetheless, the political life of this democratic world is partly based on religious foundations. What is Christian democracy? How were Christian democratic parties created? Were they simply instruments of the church in its conflict with the state, or did they emerge despite its will? How did the universal political identity arise? The answer to these questions is important for anyone who wishes to understand the political situation in Western European countries, as well as the general dynamics in church-state relations.