The original historical study by Diamantis Koutoulas brings to life and examines the historical era in which Gnosticism and the idea of messianism were born, and how they have evolved up to the present day. When the Jewish prophets of the post-Babylonian era were not fulfilled in their prophecies of the global dominion of Zion, the literature of the apocryphal of the Old Testament, in order to keep its faithful, invented the Conclusion of the world that was near. In the so-called Baptist movements, in the desert of Qumran, the Gnostic idea of the "Heavenly Man" as the Messiah was born. In the same desert, the Essenes were preparing for 40 years the eschatological war of the Sons of Light against the Sons of Darkness and the coming of the Heavenly Messiah, who proclaimed a new global dominion and a peaceful and just world. However, with the destruction of the Temple and Jerusalem in 70 AD without the Conclusion of the World, the landscape changed again. The "proto-gnostic" Jews believed that Yahweh had become silent because he was not the Good God of the Universe, but the Incomplete Creator of the Material World, the Ialdabaoth... Thus, mainstream Gnosticism was born, whose ideas run through human history up to the present day: Manichaeans, Cathars, Freemasons...