In 1947, in Switzerland, two years after the end of World War II, Thomas Mann gives the famous lecture - translated for the first time into Greek - on the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche "in the light of the experience" of this war. The Nobel Prize-winning writer skillfully dissects the multifaceted work of the philosopher, whom he sees as both a beloved spiritual hero of his youth and a dangerous thinker who, with his anti-democratic ideas, contributed in his own way to the tragic course of Europe. The "encounter" of these two thinkers, apart from its significant historical value, has substantial relevance today, as many of the issues examined - such as the future of Europe, the importance of social rights, the need for a new humanism, and the repugnant face of fascism - remain highly relevant. theory, sociology, and the anthropology of the body.